基体表面粗糙度对激光沉积不锈钢形貌、组织及性能的影响

目的研究基体待沉积表面粗糙度的变化对激光沉积之后沉积层质量(宏观形貌、微观组织和力学性能)的影响,从而获得形貌、组织及性能优良的沉积层。方法采用316L不锈钢粉末,在不同表面粗糙度状态下P20钢基体表面分别进行单道单层、薄壁、多道搭接及块体沉积实验,获得测试分析所需沉积层,基于OM、SEM以及拉伸试验对沉积层组织性能进行分析。结果单道单层时,相对于铣削基体表面沉积层,喷砂基体表面沉积层的熔高、熔深增加幅度达到了100%,而熔宽增加较平缓;单道薄壁时,在前5层的沉积中,喷砂基体表面沉积高度增长达到2.5mm,铣削表面沉积高度仅为前者一半,喷砂基体上沉积层内部孔隙率仅为铣削基体的31%;多道搭接时,随着粗糙度的增大,沉积层截面纵向尺寸H的内部增长范围持续变大,而横向尺寸L范围保持稳定。喷砂基体表面沉积层的σ_b为540.93 MPa,而铣削基体上的σ_b为523.12 MPa。结论随着基体表面粗糙度的增加,沉积过程中陷光效应相应增强,单道单层沉积层的宏观形貌尺寸随之增大。对于薄壁沉积,基体粗糙度对薄壁高度的影响主要集中在前5层,粗糙度的增大使得沉积高度生长加快,内部孔隙率减小。多道搭接时,粗糙度越大,熔高熔深方向的尺寸变化越大,沉积层内部枝晶更加粗大,且不均匀。沉积层内部的抗拉强度随粗糙度的增大而提升。     

喷射沉积2195铝锂合金轧制板材晶粒组织及性能控制研究

研究了喷射沉积制备2195铝锂合金锭坯挤压板坯经不同终轧温度热轧至6mm厚度板材,以及经不同中间退火后再冷轧至6mm厚度板材固溶后的晶粒组织。结果表明,终轧温度290℃时,热轧板固溶后表层为粗大再结晶晶粒,而中心层为细长纤维状晶粒;终轧温度降低至220℃时,虽然表层再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,但中心层转变为尺寸粗大的长条状再结晶晶粒。板材中尺寸1μm以上的富Cu第二相粒子数量随中间退火(空冷)温度的增加(从330℃提高至450℃)而增加;冷轧固溶后表层等轴状再结晶晶粒尺寸增加,而中心层晶粒逐渐由粗大长条状再结晶晶粒转变为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。适当温度中间退火、随炉冷却并冷轧、固溶后表层和中心层全部为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。优化中间退火后的冷轧板材T8时效态强度最高,而终轧温度220℃的热轧板材T8时效态强度最低。     

波前传感器电铸镍层应力实时检测精度评估

目的 搭建电铸应力实时检测平台，评估其测量精度，并探明电化学沉积过程中镍层平均内应力的变化规律。方法 采用横向剪切波前传感器搭建电铸应力实时检测平台，通过测量在铸层应力作用下电铸基底弯曲的曲率半径，利用Stoney公式计算铸层平均应力。采用参考球面反射镜评估横向剪切波前传感器曲率半径的测量精度，并在0.5 A/dm2电流密度下进行电铸应力实时检测实验，对铸层平均应力测量极限进行评估，同时对检测误差进行分析。结果 横向波前传感器曲率半径测量精度为99.22%，在0.5 A/dm2电流密度下，所搭建的铸层应力实时检测平台可测量的最小厚度为5.1 μm，由曲率测量波动带来的应力检测误差为1.3 MPa。实验测得铸层平均应力随铸层厚度的增加而变大，当铸层厚度达到30 μm左右，铸层平均应力趋于稳定，应力大小为79.7 MPa。同时发现，当铸层厚度小于30 μm时，沿电铸基底长度方向的铸层平均应力明显大于宽度方向铸层平均应力，随铸层厚度的增加，两个方向的应力大小趋于等值。结论 采用横向剪切波前传感器搭建的电铸应力检测平台，能有效对铸层应力进行高精度的实时测量，为精密电铸过程中应力变化规律的研究提供了检测技术基础。     

Fragmentation and film growth in supersonic nanoaggregate aerosol deposition

Aerosol deposition with gas phase-synthesized chain-like nanoaggregates can yield dense coatings from the impaction of particles on a substrate; however, dense coating formation is not well understood. Here, we study coating consolidation at the single nanoaggregate level. Flame spray pyrolysis-made tin oxide nanoaggregates are mobility (size) filtered, accelerated through a de Laval nozzle, and impacted on alumina substrates. TEM images obtained from low velocity collection and supersonic deposition are compared via quantitative image analysis, which reveals that upon supersonic impact nanoaggregates fragment into smaller aggregates. This suggests that fragmentation is a key step in producing coatings denser than the depositing nanoaggregates themselves. We supplement experiments with detailed particle trajectory calculations, which show that the impact energies per atom during nanoaggregate deposition are below 0.2 eV/molecule. These results suggest that fragmentation can only occur at locations where nanoaggregates bonded by van der Waals and capillary interactions.     

Effects of laser polishing on surface quality and mechanical properties of PLA parts built by fused deposition modeling

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) produces parts through layer by layer on the top of each other, making it almost impossible to obtain smooth printed parts. Hence, there is a huge demand for the postprocessing of the FDM-printed parts. Laser polishing is a novel technique that can be used to polish products to obtain a smoother surface. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of surface-finishing FDM-printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts by laser polishing. The surface roughness, surface morphology, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile properties were investigated. The results indicated that the lower laser power and the bigger laser beam diameter within a certain range could facilitate the formation of smoother surface. With optimized parameters, the surface roughness was reduced by 90.4%. DMA showed that the storage modulus (E’) and glass transition temperature of PLA specimens were significantly improved due to the decrease of molecular mobility of denser structures. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA specimen were also significantly increased after laser polishing. The fracture morphologies were observed, and the possible strengthening mechanism was also discussed. These results indicated that laser polishing could be an efficient method for surface polishing of FDM parts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48288.     

Drawing the distinguished graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) on SnO2 nanoflake film for solar water oxidation

Tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoflakes electrodes were developed by a simple hydrothermal synthesis with a length of ~1.5 μm. Based on this electrode, g-C₃N₄ layer with an energetic band gap of about 2.7 eV was deposited by electrophoretic deposition under constant potential (30 V) for 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. To enhance the chemical adsorption of g-C₃N₄ sheets on SnO₂ nanoflake film, the SnO₂ film was put in 0.5 M NaOH solution, and OH⁻ ions were coated via the entire surface area of SnO₂ film. As increasing the deposited time of the g-C₃N₄ layer to 5 min, the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets steadily covered the surface area. In particular, g-C₃N₄ (5min)/SnO₂ nanoflake film exhibited the maximum photocurrent density (J_SC), 0.15 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode under the full sun, and a slight photoresponse in the visible light of 400–450 nm contributes to the enhancement of J_SC, compared to that of SnO₂ nanoflake film. Furthermore, the interfacial resistance after the coating of g-C₃N₄ layer is sharply reduced, which is resulted from the electrocatalytic effect of g-C₃N₄ layer. Thus, the heterojunction developed between the core SnO₂ layer showing a high conductivity and the shell g-C₃N₄ layer as the visible light absorbing medium can improve the photoelectrochemical performance.     

Investigation of praseodymium and samarium co-doped ceria as an anode catalyst for DIR-SOFC fueled by biogas

The Pr and Sm co-doped ceria (with up to 20 mol.% of dopants) compounds were examined as catalytic layers on the surface of SOFC anode directly fed by biogas to increase a lifetime and the efficiency of commercially available DIR-SOFC without the usage of an external reformer.The XRD, SEM and EDX methods were used to investigate the structural properties and the composition of fabricated materials. Furthermore, the electrical properties of SOFCs with catalytic layers deposited on the Ni-YSZ anode were examined by a current density-time and current density-voltage dependence measurements in hydrogen (24 h) and biogas (90 h). Composition of the outlet gasses was in situ analysed by the FTIR-based unit.It has been found out that Ce_0.9Sm_0.1O_2-δ and Ce_0.8Pr_0.05Sm_0.15O_2-δ catalytic layers show the highest stability over time and thus are the most attractive candidates as catalytic materials, in comparison with other investigated lanthanide-doped ceria, enhancing direct internal reforming of biogas in SOFCs.     

Anti-carbon deposition mechanism of H2O on nickel-based anode of SOFC: A ReaxFF molecular modelling

Carbon deposition occurs when Dimethyl ether (DME) fuel is used for SOFC, leading to battery degradation. In order to study the effect of water addition on carbon deposition, this work used reactive force field molecular dynamics (Reaxff MD) to simulate the process of carbon deposition with or without water addition, and analyze its anti-carbon deposition mechanism on nickel-based anode.It is found that the number of carbon atoms on nickel can be effectively reduced by mixing water with fuel. As the H₂O/DME ratio increases, there are fewer carbon atoms on the nickel anode. And there are two main ways for water molecules to resist carbon deposition. First is that the OH group generated by decomposition of water molecules at high temperature reacts with CH component to form aldehyde group, which reduces the formation of carbon deposition precursor. The other is that the increase of water molecules introduces more oxygen atoms into the system, and the carbon atoms formed by DME molecules combine with oxygen atoms to form CO, thus reducing carbon deposition. This study is helpful to promote the industrialization of DME as SOFC fuel.     

Construction of BiVO4 microspheres sensitized TiO2 NTAs for the enhanced photocatalytic mineralization of organic dyes

In the present work, BiVO₄ microspheres were deposited on TiO₂ NTAs via the solvothermal method using urea as the mineralizer. The binary heterojunction formation significantly enhanced the solar response region and intensity, and the electron transfer path was built at the interface of two semiconductors, which was the main reason for the enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances. The S-2 electrode prepared with urea concentration of 2 mol/L displayed the high visible light photocurrent of 73.76 μA/cm² and photovoltage of −0.30 V. Furthermore, the S-2 photocatalyst also showed excellent photocatalytic decoloration ability of MO, RhB and MB dyes, and the corresponding decomposition efficiencies were 55.82%, 41.62% and 89.90% under solar irradiation. Except for the organic dyes, Cr(VI) ions also could be reduced into Cr(III), and the photocatalytic efficiency achieved 74.05% after 3 h solar irradiation. The active group and photocatalytic mechanism were proposed to illuminate the essential reason. The experimental results indicated that the novel BiVO₄/TiO₂ NTAs with binary heterojunction are attractive photocatalysts for the dyeing and printing water treatment.     

Wetting behavior and brazing of titanium-coated SiC ceramics using Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu filler

By coating active titanium, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu (SAC) filler wetted SiC effectively, as the contact angle decreased significantly from ~145° to ~10°. Ti₃SiC₂ and TiO_x (x ≤ 1) reaction layers were formed at the droplet/SiC interface, leading to the reduction of contact angle. Reliable brazing of SiC was achieved using titanium deposition at 900°C for 10 minutes, and the typical interfacial microstructure of Ti-coated SiC/SAC was SiC/TiO_x + Ti₃SiC₂/Sn(s,s). Comparing to direct brazing, Ti–Sn compounds in the brazing seam were effectively reduced and the mechanical property of joints was dramatically improved by titanium coating. The optimal average shear strength of SiC joints reached 25.3 MPa using titanium coating- assisted brazing, which was ∼62% higher than that of SiC brazed joints using SAC-Ti filler directly.